Thomas Cavanagh made his debut in the 1991 action fantasy film ‘White Light’ directed by Al Waxman. In 1993, he made his first television appearance in the American action drama series, ‘Secret Service.’ He made a return to the big screen with the 1995 American family film ‘Magic in the Water’ directed by Rick Stevenson. The film was panned by the critics with famous critic Leonard Maltin saying "All the magic must be in the water; there's certainly none on the screen.” He next appeared in television series like ‘Hawkeye’ (1995), ‘Jake and the Kid’ (1996), ‘The Sentinel’ (1997), ‘Cold Squad’ (1998), ‘Viper’ (1999), ‘Providence’ (1999-2000), and ‘Sports Night’ (1999-2000).
In 2000, he joined the main cast of the American comedy-drama television series ‘Ed’ created by Jon Beckerman and Rob Burnett. Cavanagh received a ‘Golden Globe Award’ nomination for his performance in the series. The show aired its final episode in 2004. He continued to appear in television series and films such as ‘Jack & Bobby’ (2004), ‘Love Monkey’ (2006), ‘Snow 2: Brain Freeze’ (2008), ‘Trust Me’ (2009), ‘Trading Christmas’ (2011), and ‘Royal Pains’ (2011-2012). In 2014, he starred as ‘Mr. Drago’ in the Argentine-Canadian adventure film ‘The Games Maker’ directed by Juan Pablo Buscarini. Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics, the film failed to garner success at the box office. That same year, he became a part of the American superhero television drama series ‘The Flash.’ He played the role of ‘Eobard Thawne / Harrison Wells’ and remained a part of the series until 2021.
Cavanagh reprised his role as ‘Eobard Thawne / Harrison Wells’ in ‘Supergirl’ (2017, 2019), ‘Arrow’ (2017-2018), and ‘Legends of Tomorrow’ (2017, 2020). He was last seen in the American/Canadian series ‘Witness to Murder: A Darrow Mystery’ in 2019.